/* ============================================================
     DESIGN TOKENS — Iraq Institute of Professional Development
     Aesthetic: refined editorial / Mesopotamian institutional —
     parchment ground, deep ink primary, warm gold trim, a
     burnt-sienna secondary that nods to ancient earth tones.
     ============================================================ */
  :root {
    /* Surface */
    --paper:        #f4ecd8;   /* parchment */
    --paper-deep:   #ebe0c4;   /* aged parchment */
    --paper-warm:   #efe5cc;
    --ink:          #1a1812;   /* near-black warm */
    --ink-soft:     #3d3729;   /* darkened — now ~9:1 on parchment */
    --ink-mute:     #5e574a;   /* darkened — now ~5.2:1 on parchment (AA) */
    --rule:         #c9b88a;   /* hairline gold-grey */
    --rule-soft:    #d9cca0;

    /* Brand */
    --navy:         #142840;   /* deep ink-navy primary */
    --navy-deep:    #0d1d30;
    --navy-soft:    #20385a;
    --gold:         #b08840;   /* refined warm gold — accents only */
    --gold-soft:    #c9a460;   /* light gold — for use on dark surfaces only */
    --gold-deep:    #6f5421;   /* darkened — now ~5.8:1 on parchment (AA) */
    --sienna:       #8a3e22;   /* Mesopotamian burnt sienna — secondary accent */
    --sienna-soft:  #a85a3a;

    /* Type
       AR/KU display pairs Noto Serif Arabic with EN's Cormorant Garamond (serif + serif).
       AR/KU body pairs Noto Sans Arabic with EN's Inter (sans + sans).
       Amiri / Noto Naskh kept as graceful fallbacks if Noto Serif/Sans fail to load. */
    --font-display: 'Cormorant Garamond', 'Noto Serif Arabic', serif;
    --font-body:    'Inter', 'Noto Sans Arabic', sans-serif;
    --font-ar-display: 'Noto Serif Arabic', 'Amiri', serif;
    --font-ar-body:    'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Noto Naskh Arabic', sans-serif;
    --font-ku-display: 'Noto Serif Arabic', 'Amiri', serif;
    --font-ku-body:    'Noto Sans Arabic', 'Noto Naskh Arabic', sans-serif;

    /* Scale */
    --space:        clamp(1rem, 1.5vw, 1.5rem);
    --gutter:       clamp(1.25rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);

    --max:          1240px;
  }

  /* Language-bound typography. The .lang-X classes follow
     html[lang] / html[dir] so the body adopts script-appropriate
     fonts and rhythm without per-element overrides. */
  html[lang="ar"] { font-family: var(--font-ar-body); }
  html[lang="ar"] .display,
  html[lang="ar"] h1,
  html[lang="ar"] h2,
  html[lang="ar"] h3 { font-family: var(--font-ar-display); }

  html[lang="ckb"] { font-family: var(--font-ku-body); }
  html[lang="ckb"] .display,
  html[lang="ckb"] h1,
  html[lang="ckb"] h2,
  html[lang="ckb"] h3 { font-family: var(--font-ku-display); }

  /* ===== Reset / base ===== */
  *, *::before, *::after { box-sizing: border-box; }
  html, body { margin: 0; padding: 0; }
  html { scroll-behavior: smooth; }
  @media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
    html { scroll-behavior: auto; }
  }

  /* Skip-to-content link — visible only when keyboard-focused */
  .skip-link {
    position: absolute;
    top: -100px;
    left: 16px;
    z-index: 9999;
    background: var(--navy);
    color: var(--paper);
    padding: 12px 20px;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 14px;
    font-weight: 600;
    border: 2px solid var(--gold);
    transition: top .15s ease;
  }
  .skip-link:focus {
    top: 16px;
    outline: none;
  }
  body {
    background: var(--paper);
    color: var(--ink);
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 16px;
    line-height: 1.65;
    -webkit-font-smoothing: antialiased;
    text-rendering: optimizeLegibility;
    background-image:
      radial-gradient(circle at 20% 10%, rgba(176,136,64,.06), transparent 40%),
      radial-gradient(circle at 80% 60%, rgba(138,62,34,.04), transparent 50%);
  }
  img { max-width: 100%; display: block; }
  a { color: inherit; text-decoration: none; }

  .container { max-width: var(--max); margin: 0 auto; padding: 0 var(--gutter); }

  /* ===== Language visibility ===== */
  .en-only, .ar-only, .ku-only,
  .en-only-block, .ar-only-block, .ku-only-block { display: none; }
  html[lang="en"] .en-only { display: inline; }
  html[lang="ar"] .ar-only { display: inline; }
  html[lang="ckb"] .ku-only { display: inline; }

  /* Block variants */
  html[lang="en"] .en-only-block { display: block; }
  html[lang="ar"] .ar-only-block { display: block; }
  html[lang="ckb"] .ku-only-block { display: block; }

  /* ===== Typography ===== */
  .display {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-weight: 500;
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
    line-height: 1.05;
  }
  .display em { font-style: italic; color: var(--sienna); font-weight: 400; }

  /* Em emphasis on DARK surfaces — the base sienna gives poor contrast on dark
     navy (~2.5:1) and is completely invisible on the sienna CTA strip. Override
     to gold-soft so emphasis remains a distinct accent on every dark surface. */
  section.program em,
  .cta-strip em,
  .member-card.featured em,
  footer em,
  .util em { color: var(--gold-soft); }

  .eyebrow {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.22em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    font-weight: 600;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .eyebrow,
  html[lang="ckb"] .eyebrow {
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    text-transform: none;
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  .lede {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.15rem, 1.6vw, 1.4rem);
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    line-height: 1.55;
    max-width: 62ch;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .lede,
  html[lang="ckb"] .lede {
    font-style: normal;
    line-height: 1.85;
  }

  /* ===== Utility bar ===== */
  .util {
    background: var(--navy-deep);
    color: var(--paper);
    font-size: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    padding: 10px 0;
    border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(176,136,64,.25);
  }
  .util .container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: space-between;
    gap: var(--gutter);
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
  .util-left, .util-right {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 22px;
  }
  .util-item { color: var(--paper); }
  .util-item .dot { color: var(--gold-soft); margin: 0 6px; }

  .util-flag {
    display: inline-flex;
    width: 30px; height: 20px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(176,136,64,.35);
    overflow: hidden;
    flex-shrink: 0;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.3);
  }
  .util-flag svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: block; }

  /* Language switcher */
  .lang-switch {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 0;
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.04);
    border: 1px solid rgba(176,136,64,.35);
    border-radius: 0;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .lang-switch button {
    background: transparent;
    border: 0;
    color: var(--paper);
    font: inherit;
    font-size: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.08em;
    padding: 6px 14px;
    cursor: pointer;
    opacity: 1;
    transition: all .2s ease;
    border-right: 1px solid rgba(176,136,64,.25);
  }
  .lang-switch button:last-child { border-right: 0; }
  .lang-switch button:hover { opacity: 1; color: var(--gold-soft); }
  .lang-switch button.active {
    opacity: 1;
    color: var(--navy-deep);
    background: var(--gold-soft);
    font-weight: 600;
  }

  /* RTL utility bar mirroring */
  html[dir="rtl"] .lang-switch button { border-right: 0; border-left: 1px solid rgba(176,136,64,.25); }
  html[dir="rtl"] .lang-switch button:last-child { border-left: 0; }

  /* ===== Masthead ===== */
  .masthead {
    background: var(--paper);
    padding: 36px 0 28px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    position: relative;
  }
  .masthead::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0; right: 0; bottom: -3px;
    height: 1px; background: var(--rule);
  }
  .mast-row {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto;
    align-items: center;
    gap: var(--gutter);
  }
  html[dir="rtl"] .mast-row { grid-template-columns: auto 1fr auto; }

  .crest {
    width: 78px;
    height: 78px;
    flex-shrink: 0;
  }
  .crest svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; }

  .brand {
    text-align: center;
  }
  .brand-name {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.2vw, 2rem);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--navy);
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
    line-height: 1.1;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .brand-name,
  html[lang="ckb"] .brand-name {
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.4vw, 2.1rem);
  }
  .brand-sub {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: clamp(0.85rem, 1.2vw, 1rem);
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    margin-top: 2px;
    letter-spacing: 0.05em;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .brand-sub,
  html[lang="ckb"] .brand-sub { font-style: normal; }
  .tagline {
    margin-top: 10px;
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.32em;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .tagline,
  html[lang="ckb"] .tagline {
    letter-spacing: 0.12em;
    text-transform: none;
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  .mast-meta {
    text-align: end;
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    line-height: 1.5;
  }
  .mast-meta .roman {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    font-size: 14px;
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 2px;
  }
  .mast-flag {
    display: inline-block;
    width: 60px; height: 40px;
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    overflow: hidden;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    box-shadow: 0 1px 4px rgba(20,40,64,.12);
  }
  .mast-flag svg { width: 100%; height: 100%; display: block; }

  /* ===== Sticky nav ===== */
  nav.primary {
    position: sticky;
    top: 0;
    z-index: 50;
    background: var(--paper);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    -webkit-backdrop-filter: blur(8px);
    background: rgba(244, 236, 216, 0.94);
  }
  nav.primary .container {
    display: flex;
    align-items: center;
    justify-content: center;
    gap: 0;
    padding-top: 0;
    padding-bottom: 0;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
  }
  nav.primary a {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 16px 22px;
    font-size: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    border-bottom: 2px solid transparent;
    transition: all .2s ease;
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] nav.primary a,
  html[lang="ckb"] nav.primary a {
    text-transform: none;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    font-size: 14px;
  }
  nav.primary a:hover {
    color: var(--navy);
    border-bottom-color: var(--gold);
  }

  /* ===== Hero ===== */
  .hero {
    padding: clamp(60px, 8vw, 110px) 0 clamp(48px, 7vw, 90px);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .hero::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 20%; right: -10%;
    width: 600px; height: 600px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(176,136,64,.08), transparent 70%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }
  html[dir="rtl"] .hero::before { right: auto; left: -10%; }
  .hero-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.7fr 1fr;
    gap: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 4rem);
    align-items: end;
  }
  @media (max-width: 880px) {
    .hero-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  }
  .hero h1.display {
    font-size: clamp(2.4rem, 5.8vw, 5.4rem);
    margin: 0 0 28px;
    color: var(--navy);
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .hero h1.display,
  html[lang="ckb"] .hero h1.display {
    font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 5.2vw, 4.6rem);
    line-height: 1.25;
  }
  .hero .eyebrow { margin-bottom: 22px; display: block; }
  .hero .hero-lede {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.4vw, 1.25rem);
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    max-width: 56ch;
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin-bottom: 32px;
    font-style: italic;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .hero-lede,
  html[lang="ckb"] .hero-lede {
    font-style: normal;
    line-height: 1.85;
  }

  .hero-cta {
    display: inline-flex;
    align-items: center;
    gap: 16px;
    background: var(--navy);
    color: var(--paper);
    padding: 16px 32px;
    font-size: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.22em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 600;
    border: 1px solid var(--navy);
    transition: all .25s ease;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .hero-cta,
  html[lang="ckb"] .hero-cta {
    text-transform: none;
    letter-spacing: 0.06em;
    font-size: 14px;
  }
  .hero-cta:hover {
    background: var(--gold);
    border-color: var(--gold);
    color: var(--navy-deep);
  }
  .hero-cta .arr { color: var(--gold-soft); }
  .hero-cta:hover .arr { color: var(--navy-deep); }

  /* Hero side card */
  .hero-card {
    background: var(--paper-deep);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    padding: 32px;
    position: relative;
  }
  .hero-card::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px; left: 8px; right: 8px; bottom: 8px;
    border: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
    pointer-events: none;
  }
  .card-eyebrow {
    text-align: center;
    margin-bottom: 24px;
  }
  .card-eyebrow .roman {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    display: block;
    margin-bottom: 4px;
  }
  .card-eyebrow .label {
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.28em;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .card-eyebrow .label,
  html[lang="ckb"] .card-eyebrow .label {
    text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0.06em; font-size: 12px;
  }

  .aims {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: 24px 18px;
    margin-top: 8px;
  }
  .aim .n {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 22px;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    line-height: 1;
  }
  .aim .t {
    margin-top: 6px;
    font-size: 12px;
    line-height: 1.45;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
  }

  /* ===== Section base ===== */
  section { padding: clamp(64px, 8vw, 110px) 0; }
  section + section { border-top: 1px solid var(--rule); }

  .section-head {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.3fr;
    gap: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 4rem);
    align-items: end;
    margin-bottom: clamp(40px, 5vw, 64px);
  }
  @media (max-width: 880px) {
    .section-head { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; }
  }
  .section-head h2.display {
    font-size: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 3.4rem);
    margin: 12px 0 0;
    color: var(--navy);
  }

  /* ===== About — pillars ===== */
  .pillars {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: clamp(1rem, 2.5vw, 2.5rem);
    margin-top: 24px;
  }
  @media (max-width: 760px) { .pillars { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
  .pillar {
    padding-top: 32px;
    border-top: 2px solid var(--navy);
    position: relative;
  }
  .pillar::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -2px; left: 0;
    width: 40px; height: 2px;
    background: var(--gold);
  }
  html[dir="rtl"] .pillar::before { left: auto; right: 0; }
  .pillar .n {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    margin-bottom: 12px;
    display: block;
  }
  .pillar h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.7rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 0 0 14px;
    color: var(--navy);
    letter-spacing: -0.01em;
  }
  .pillar p {
    font-size: 15px;
    line-height: 1.7;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    margin: 0;
  }

  /* ===== Program (ICP) — dark section ===== */
  section.program {
    background: var(--navy);
    color: var(--paper);
    border-top: 1px solid var(--navy-deep);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  section.program::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -20%; right: -10%;
    width: 700px; height: 700px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(176,136,64,.10), transparent 60%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }
  section.program::after {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    bottom: -30%; left: -10%;
    width: 600px; height: 600px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(138,62,34,.10), transparent 60%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }
  section.program .section-head h2.display { color: var(--paper); }
  section.program .lede { color: var(--paper); }
  section.program .eyebrow { color: var(--gold-soft); }

  .program-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1.3fr;
    gap: clamp(2rem, 4vw, 4rem);
    align-items: start;
    position: relative;
  }
  @media (max-width: 880px) { .program-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }

  .program-mark {
    background: rgba(255,255,255,.03);
    border: 1px solid rgba(176,136,64,.3);
    padding: 48px 36px;
    text-align: center;
    position: relative;
  }
  .program-mark::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 10px; left: 10px; right: 10px; bottom: 10px;
    border: 1px solid rgba(176,136,64,.18);
    pointer-events: none;
  }
  .program-mark .icp {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(5rem, 9vw, 8rem);
    font-weight: 500;
    color: var(--gold-soft);
    line-height: 1;
    margin: 12px 0 16px;
    letter-spacing: 0.02em;
  }
  .program-mark .icp-label {
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.22em;
    color: var(--gold-soft);
    text-transform: uppercase;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .program-mark .icp-label,
  html[lang="ckb"] .program-mark .icp-label {
    text-transform: none;
    letter-spacing: 0.04em;
    font-size: 13px;
  }

  .program-modules {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
  }
  .module {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 60px 1fr 30px;
    gap: 20px;
    align-items: center;
    padding: 24px 0;
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(176,136,64,.22);
    transition: padding-left .25s ease;
  }
  .module:last-child { border-bottom: 1px solid rgba(176,136,64,.22); }
  .module:hover { padding-left: 8px; }
  html[dir="rtl"] .module:hover { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 8px; }
  .module-num {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 28px;
    color: var(--gold-soft);
    text-align: center;
  }
  .module h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.25rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 0 0 4px;
    color: var(--paper);
  }
  .module p {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--paper);
    line-height: 1.55;
  }
  .module .chev {
    color: var(--gold-soft);
    font-size: 20px;
    opacity: .6;
    transition: opacity .2s;
  }
  .module:hover .chev { opacity: 1; }
  html[dir="rtl"] .module .chev { transform: scaleX(-1); }

  /* ===== Membership ===== */

  /* Background variant — applied to #membership-corporate so the two top-level
     sections read as distinct surfaces. */
  section.bg-paper-deep { background: var(--paper-deep); }

  /* "See full Membership →" tail link at the foot of each homepage section */
  .section-tail {
    margin-top: clamp(28px, 4vw, 44px);
    padding-top: 24px;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    text-align: end;
  }
  .see-more {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.5vw, 1.25rem);
    color: var(--sienna);
    border-bottom: 1px solid transparent;
    padding-bottom: 2px;
    transition: all .2s ease;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .see-more,
  html[lang="ckb"] .see-more { font-style: normal; font-weight: 500; }
  .see-more:hover {
    color: var(--navy);
    border-bottom-color: var(--navy);
  }

  .sub-head {
    margin: 0 0 28px;
    padding-bottom: 18px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: auto 1fr;
    gap: clamp(1rem, 3vw, 3rem);
    align-items: baseline;
  }
  @media (max-width: 760px) { .sub-head { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 8px; } }
  .sub-head-corp { margin-top: 64px; }
  .sub-head .rule-label {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: clamp(1.3rem, 2vw, 1.6rem);
    color: var(--navy);
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .sub-head .rule-label,
  html[lang="ckb"] .sub-head .rule-label {
    font-style: normal;
    font-weight: 600;
  }
  .sub-head .sub-desc {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    font-size: 14px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    max-width: 56ch;
  }

  .memberships {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(4, 1fr);
    gap: clamp(0.75rem, 1.5vw, 1.25rem);
  }
  .memberships-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr); }
  @media (max-width: 1080px) {
    .memberships { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
    .memberships-3 { grid-template-columns: repeat(2, 1fr); }
  }
  @media (max-width: 540px) {
    .memberships, .memberships-3 { grid-template-columns: 1fr; }
  }

  .member-card {
    background: var(--paper-warm);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    padding: 32px 26px;
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    position: relative;
    transition: transform .25s ease, box-shadow .25s ease;
  }
  .member-card:hover {
    transform: translateY(-3px);
    box-shadow: 0 12px 28px rgba(20,40,64,.08);
  }
  .member-card.featured {
    background: var(--navy);
    color: var(--paper);
    border-color: var(--navy);
  }
  .member-card.featured .desc { color: var(--paper); }
  .member-card.featured .feats { color: var(--paper); }
  .member-card.featured .feat { color: var(--paper); }              /* override .feat's parchment-targeted dark color */
  .member-card.featured .feat::before { color: var(--gold-soft); }
  .member-card.featured .price { color: var(--gold-soft); }
  .member-card.featured .price span:last-child { color: var(--paper); }  /* override the /year suffix's dark ink-mute */
  .member-card.featured .tier { color: var(--gold-soft); }

  .tier {
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.26em;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .tier,
  html[lang="ckb"] .tier {
    text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0.06em; font-size: 12px;
  }
  .member-card h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 2.2rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 0 0 12px;
    color: var(--navy);
    letter-spacing: 0.01em;
  }
  .member-card.featured h3 { color: var(--paper); }
  .member-card.corp h3.corp-name { font-size: 1.7rem; font-style: italic; font-weight: 500; }
  html[lang="ar"] .member-card.corp h3.corp-name,
  html[lang="ckb"] .member-card.corp h3.corp-name { font-style: normal; }
  .member-card.corp { border-top: 3px solid var(--sienna); }
  .member-card.corp.featured { border-top-color: var(--gold); }
  .desc {
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    line-height: 1.55;
    margin: 0 0 18px;
    min-height: 4.5em;
  }
  .price {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    color: var(--navy);
    margin: 0 0 18px;
    padding-bottom: 16px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  }
  .price span:last-child {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 12px;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    margin-left: 6px;
  }
  html[dir="rtl"] .price span:last-child { margin-left: 0; margin-right: 6px; }
  .feats { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
  .feat {
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    padding: 6px 0 6px 22px;
    position: relative;
    line-height: 1.5;
  }
  html[dir="rtl"] .feat { padding: 6px 22px 6px 0; }
  .feat::before {
    content: '◆';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0; top: 6px;
    color: var(--gold);
    font-size: 9px;
  }
  html[dir="rtl"] .feat::before { left: auto; right: 0; }

  /* ===== Insights ===== */
  .insights {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: clamp(1.25rem, 2.5vw, 2.5rem);
  }
  @media (max-width: 880px) { .insights { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
  .insight {
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
    padding-top: 24px;
  }
  .insight .meta {
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .insight .meta,
  html[lang="ckb"] .insight .meta {
    text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0.04em; font-size: 13px;
  }
  .insight h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 0 0 14px;
    color: var(--navy);
    line-height: 1.25;
  }
  .insight p {
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    line-height: 1.6;
    margin: 0 0 16px;
  }
  .insight a.more {
    font-size: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.18em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--sienna);
    font-weight: 600;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--sienna-soft);
    padding-bottom: 2px;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .insight a.more,
  html[lang="ckb"] .insight a.more {
    text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0.04em; font-size: 13px;
  }

  /* ===== CTA strip ===== */
  .cta-strip {
    background: var(--sienna);
    color: var(--paper);
    text-align: center;
    padding: clamp(48px, 6vw, 80px) 0;
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .cta-strip::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    inset: 0;
    background:
      radial-gradient(circle at 30% 50%, rgba(176,136,64,.20), transparent 50%),
      radial-gradient(circle at 70% 50%, rgba(20,40,64,.15), transparent 50%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }
  .cta-strip h2.display {
    font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3.5vw, 2.6rem);
    margin: 0 0 18px;
    color: var(--paper);
    position: relative;
  }
  .cta-strip p {
    color: var(--paper);
    max-width: 56ch;
    margin: 0 auto 32px;
    line-height: 1.65;
    position: relative;
  }
  .cta-strip .cta-btn {
    display: inline-block;
    padding: 14px 36px;
    background: var(--paper);
    color: var(--sienna);
    font-size: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.22em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    font-weight: 600;
    border: 1px solid var(--paper);
    transition: all .25s ease;
    position: relative;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .cta-strip .cta-btn,
  html[lang="ckb"] .cta-strip .cta-btn {
    text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0.06em; font-size: 14px;
  }
  .cta-strip .cta-btn:hover {
    background: var(--navy);
    border-color: var(--navy);
    color: var(--paper);
  }

  /* ===== Footer ===== */
  footer {
    background: var(--navy-deep);
    color: var(--paper);
    padding: 64px 0 24px;
    font-size: 13px;
  }
  .foot-grid {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1.6fr 1fr 1fr 1fr;
    gap: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 3rem);
    margin-bottom: 48px;
  }
  @media (max-width: 880px) { .foot-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr; } }
  @media (max-width: 540px) { .foot-grid { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }

  .foot-brand .brand-name { color: var(--paper); font-size: 1.3rem; }
  .foot-brand .brand-sub { color: var(--paper); }
  .foot-brand p {
    color: var(--paper);
    margin-top: 16px;
    line-height: 1.6;
    max-width: 36ch;
  }
  footer h5 {
    color: var(--gold-soft);
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.22em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    margin: 0 0 16px;
    font-weight: 600;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] footer h5,
  html[lang="ckb"] footer h5 {
    text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0.06em; font-size: 13px;
  }
  footer ul { list-style: none; padding: 0; margin: 0; }
  footer li { margin-bottom: 8px; }
  footer a { color: var(--paper); transition: color .15s; }
  footer a:hover { color: var(--gold-soft); }

  .foot-bottom {
    border-top: 1px solid rgba(176,136,64,.25);
    padding-top: 24px;
    display: flex;
    justify-content: space-between;
    align-items: center;
    flex-wrap: wrap;
    gap: 16px;
    color: var(--paper);
    font-size: 12px;
  }
  .foot-bottom a { color: var(--gold-soft); }
  .foot-bottom a:hover { color: var(--gold-soft); }

  /* ===== Misc ===== */
  ::selection { background: var(--gold-soft); color: var(--navy-deep); }
  /* ============================================================
     SECONDARY-PAGE STYLES
     ============================================================ */

  /* Page hero — smaller than the home hero */
  .page-hero {
    padding: clamp(48px, 6vw, 80px) 0 clamp(40px, 5vw, 64px);
    background: var(--paper-deep);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule);
    position: relative;
    overflow: hidden;
  }
  .page-hero::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: -30%; right: -10%;
    width: 500px; height: 500px;
    background: radial-gradient(circle, rgba(176,136,64,.06), transparent 70%);
    pointer-events: none;
  }
  html[dir="rtl"] .page-hero::before { right: auto; left: -10%; }
  .breadcrumb {
    font-size: 12px;
    letter-spacing: 0.16em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    margin-bottom: 24px;
    font-weight: 500;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .breadcrumb,
  html[lang="ckb"] .breadcrumb {
    text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0.04em; font-size: 13px;
  }
  .breadcrumb a { color: var(--gold-deep); border-bottom: 1px solid transparent; }
  .breadcrumb a:hover { border-bottom-color: var(--gold-deep); }
  .breadcrumb .sep { margin: 0 10px; color: var(--rule); }
  .page-hero-eyebrow {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.22em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 16px;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .page-hero-eyebrow,
  html[lang="ckb"] .page-hero-eyebrow {
    text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0.04em; font-size: 13px;
  }
  .page-hero-h1 {
    font-size: clamp(2.2rem, 4.5vw, 4rem);
    margin: 0 0 24px;
    color: var(--navy);
    line-height: 1.05;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .page-hero-h1,
  html[lang="ckb"] .page-hero-h1 { line-height: 1.25; }
  .page-hero-lede {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.05rem, 1.5vw, 1.3rem);
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    max-width: 62ch;
    line-height: 1.55;
    margin: 0;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .page-hero-lede,
  html[lang="ckb"] .page-hero-lede {
    font-style: normal;
    line-height: 1.85;
  }

  /* Grade stack — used in individual + corporate membership pages */
  .grade-stack {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
  }
  .grade {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 220px 1fr;
    gap: clamp(1.5rem, 4vw, 4rem);
    padding: clamp(40px, 5vw, 56px) 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }
  .grade:last-of-type { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  @media (max-width: 760px) {
    .grade { grid-template-columns: 1fr; gap: 1.5rem; }
  }
  .grade-mark {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    align-items: flex-start;
    gap: 4px;
  }
  .grade-num {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 3rem;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    line-height: 1;
  }
  .grade-label {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.22em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-top: 8px;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .grade-label,
  html[lang="ckb"] .grade-label {
    text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0.04em; font-size: 13px;
  }
  .grade-body h2.display {
    font-size: clamp(1.8rem, 3vw, 2.6rem);
    margin: 0 0 12px;
    color: var(--navy);
  }
  .grade-body .lede {
    font-size: clamp(1rem, 1.25vw, 1.15rem);
  }
  .grade-body h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-body);
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.22em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    margin: 24px 0 12px;
    font-weight: 600;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .grade-body h4,
  html[lang="ckb"] .grade-body h4 {
    text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0.04em; font-size: 13px;
  }
  .grade-meta {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(2, max-content);
    gap: 12px 32px;
    margin: 18px 0;
    padding: 16px 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
  }
  .grade-meta .lbl {
    display: block;
    font-size: 10px;
    letter-spacing: 0.2em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--ink-mute);
    margin-bottom: 4px;
    font-weight: 600;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .grade-meta .lbl,
  html[lang="ckb"] .grade-meta .lbl {
    text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0.04em; font-size: 12px;
  }
  .grade-meta .val {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.15rem;
    color: var(--navy);
  }
  ul.entitle {
    list-style: none;
    padding: 0;
    margin: 0;
  }
  ul.entitle li {
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    padding: 6px 0 6px 22px;
    position: relative;
    line-height: 1.55;
  }
  html[dir="rtl"] ul.entitle li { padding: 6px 22px 6px 0; }
  ul.entitle li::before {
    content: '◆';
    position: absolute;
    left: 0; top: 8px;
    color: var(--gold);
    font-size: 9px;
  }
  html[dir="rtl"] ul.entitle li::before { left: auto; right: 0; }
  .grade.featured-grade .grade-num { color: var(--sienna); }
  .grade.featured-grade .grade-body h2.display { color: var(--sienna); }

  /* Callout box */
  .callout {
    background: var(--paper-deep);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    padding: clamp(24px, 3.5vw, 40px);
    margin-top: clamp(40px, 5vw, 56px);
    position: relative;
  }
  .callout::before {
    content: '';
    position: absolute;
    top: 8px; left: 8px; right: 8px; bottom: 8px;
    border: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
    pointer-events: none;
  }
  .callout h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: clamp(1.4rem, 2.2vw, 1.8rem);
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 0 0 12px;
    color: var(--navy);
    position: relative;
  }
  .callout p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    line-height: 1.7;
    position: relative;
    font-size: 15px;
  }
  .callout a { color: var(--sienna); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--sienna-soft); }
  .callout a:hover { color: var(--navy); border-bottom-color: var(--navy); }

  /* Exam steps */
  .exam-steps {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 1fr 1fr;
    gap: clamp(1.5rem, 3vw, 2.5rem);
  }
  @media (max-width: 760px) { .exam-steps { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
  .exam-step {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: 60px 1fr;
    gap: 18px;
    padding: 24px;
    background: var(--paper-warm);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
    align-items: start;
  }
  .exam-step .num {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 2.4rem;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    line-height: 1;
  }
  .exam-step h4 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 0 0 8px;
    color: var(--navy);
  }
  .exam-step p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    line-height: 1.6;
    font-size: 14px;
  }

  /* Concept papers list (on concept-papers.html) */
  .papers {
    display: flex;
    flex-direction: column;
    gap: 0;
  }
  .paper {
    padding: clamp(32px, 4vw, 48px) 0;
    border-top: 1px solid var(--rule);
  }
  .paper:last-of-type { border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule); }
  .paper-meta {
    font-size: 11px;
    letter-spacing: 0.22em;
    text-transform: uppercase;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    font-weight: 600;
    margin-bottom: 14px;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .paper-meta,
  html[lang="ckb"] .paper-meta {
    text-transform: none; letter-spacing: 0.04em; font-size: 13px;
  }
  .paper h2.display {
    font-size: clamp(1.6rem, 2.8vw, 2.2rem);
    margin: 0 0 16px;
    color: var(--navy);
  }
  .paper p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    line-height: 1.7;
    max-width: 75ch;
  }

  /* Governance organs */
  .organs {
    display: grid;
    grid-template-columns: repeat(3, 1fr);
    gap: clamp(1rem, 2vw, 2rem);
  }
  @media (max-width: 880px) { .organs { grid-template-columns: 1fr; } }
  .organ {
    background: var(--paper-warm);
    border: 1px solid var(--rule);
    padding: clamp(24px, 3vw, 32px);
    position: relative;
  }
  .organ-num {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 2rem;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    line-height: 1;
    margin-bottom: 12px;
  }
  .organ h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.5rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 0 0 4px;
    color: var(--navy);
  }
  .organ .organ-role {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    margin: 0 0 16px;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .organ .organ-role,
  html[lang="ckb"] .organ .organ-role { font-style: normal; }
  .organ p:not(.organ-role) {
    margin: 0;
    font-size: 14px;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    line-height: 1.65;
  }

  /* Legal pages */
  .legal-doc {
    max-width: 720px;
    margin: 0 auto;
  }
  .legal-meta {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    font-size: 13px;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    margin-bottom: 36px;
    padding-bottom: 18px;
    border-bottom: 1px solid var(--rule-soft);
    text-align: center;
  }
  html[lang="ar"] .legal-meta,
  html[lang="ckb"] .legal-meta { font-style: normal; }
  .legal-section {
    padding: 24px 0 24px 80px;
    position: relative;
  }
  html[dir="rtl"] .legal-section { padding: 24px 80px 24px 0; }
  @media (max-width: 640px) {
    .legal-section { padding: 24px 0 24px 50px; }
    html[dir="rtl"] .legal-section { padding: 24px 50px 24px 0; }
  }
  .legal-num {
    position: absolute;
    left: 0; top: 26px;
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-style: italic;
    color: var(--gold-deep);
    font-size: 18px;
    width: 60px;
    text-align: center;
  }
  html[dir="rtl"] .legal-num { left: auto; right: 0; }
  @media (max-width: 640px) { .legal-num { width: 40px; } }
  .legal-section h3 {
    font-family: var(--font-display);
    font-size: 1.4rem;
    font-weight: 500;
    margin: 0 0 12px;
    color: var(--navy);
  }
  .legal-section p {
    margin: 0;
    color: var(--ink-soft);
    line-height: 1.75;
    font-size: 15px;
  }
  .legal-section a { color: var(--sienna); border-bottom: 1px solid var(--sienna-soft); }